مسؤولیت کیفری اشخاص حقوقیِ فراملّی با تأکید بر کُد جزای افغانستان و اساس‌نامۀ دیوان کیفریِ بین‌المللی

This is a legal essay or article examining the criminal liability of legal persons (corporate entities), with a focus on Afghan law. It traces the relatively recent emergence of legal persons in criminal law discourse and surveys the differing scholarly views on how criminal responsibility can be attributed to them. It explains that Afghan legislators have largely adopted an employer and superior liability approach, and distinguishes between domestic and transnational legal persons, identifying international organizations as an example of the latter category.