Criminal Liability of Transnational Legal Persons with Emphasis on the Penal Code of Afghanistan and the Statute of the International Criminal Court

This is a legal essay or article examining the criminal liability of legal persons (corporate entities), with a focus on Afghan law. It traces the relatively recent emergence of legal persons in criminal law discourse and surveys the differing scholarly views on how criminal responsibility can be attributed to them. It explains that Afghan legislators have largely adopted an employer and superior liability approach, and distinguishes between domestic and transnational legal persons, identifying international organizations as an example of the latter category.