استعاره‌های زیستی و نظریه‌های جامعه‌شناسی کلاسیک

Although discussions related to metaphor have long been a focus of attention in various fields, particularly literary studies, the deliberate and systematic use of metaphor in texts on social sciences, especially sociology, is a relatively recent phenomenon. Metaphor and analogy play a significant role in the production of ideas, hypotheses, and theories. This article, using a documentary method, examines not only the epistemological foundations of metaphor but also the influence of biological metaphors in the theories of classical sociologists such as Comte, Spencer, Marx, Sumner, Durkheim, and Parsons. Based on studies of texts in social evolutionism, in...