A Phenomenological Reading of Nāzik al-Malāʾika's Ode Shajarat al-Qamar Based on Husserl's Theory

This is a philosophical essay or article about phenomenology as developed by Edmund Husserl. It explains how Husserl founded descriptive phenomenology under the slogan "to the things themselves," aiming to combat skepticism and relativism and establish philosophy as a rigorous science by returning to phenomena and describing them without presupposition. Facing criticism about the existence and reality of the world, Husserl went on to develop transcendental phenomenology, introducing complex concepts such as intentionality, reduction, noema, noesis, the pure ego, the lifeworld, and multiple levels of time including the time of absolute consciousness.