War and Urban Sculptures in Tehran; From Objective Reality to Mental Construct

This is an academic article examining how urban sculpture in contemporary Tehran has represented warfare and military conflict across different historical periods in Iran. The article investigates multiple wars experienced by Iran, including conflicts with Russia during the Qajar era, World War II under the Pahlavi dynasty, and the eight-year war with Iraq during the Islamic Republic. It considers how public sculpture as an art form has reflected these war experiences and what artistic approaches have emerged across different periods for representing war in sculptural works. The research employs documentary methods to analyse sculptures as historical sources.