A Comparison of Persian Translations of the Children's Story "The Giving Tree" from the Perspective of Paratranslation

This is an academic essay examining paratexts and their translation. It defines paratext as all elements surrounding a primary text that transform pages into a book—cover design, preface, back matter, paper quality, dedications, footnotes, publisher logos, and similar apparatus. Drawing on theorist Youssef Freyhat's concept, the essay introduces "paratranslation," the translation of these paratextual elements to suit the target language's semiotic sphere. The work argues that paratextual structures serve as invisible channels through which translators' ideologies infiltrate texts, and investigates how these structures affect the reading experience and meaning-making process in translated works.