The Conditions of Possibility of Subjectivity; From the Death Drive to Ideological Fantasy

This is a philosophical research essay examining the concept of the subject in contemporary philosophy. It addresses how both critiques of the modern substantial subject and scientistic approaches have led to a denial of the subject's reality. In response, the study rereads the relationship between German Idealism, particularly Hegel and Schelling, and Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis through the work of Slavoj Žižek. The findings argue that the subject should be understood not at an empirical or psychological level but at an ontological one, and that the subject is not a positive entity but a constitutive absence or lack.